doorxp

5 针 188 LED显示屏带风扇和雪花

Fri, 16 May 2025 15:48:05 +0800

原理

CH32V203 驱动代码

#include "LED188Display.h"
#include "SysTick.h"
#include "Utils.h"
#include <strings.h>
#include <assert.h>

const GPIOSpeed_TypeDef GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_2MHz;

typedef struct _SEGPOINT{
GPIO_TypeDef* PORT;
    uint16_t PIN;
} SEGPOINT;

#define DPA {GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_3}
#define DPB {GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_4}
#define DPC {GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_5}
#define DPD {GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_6}
#define DPE {GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_7}

//显示五个针脚
const SEGPOINT POINTS[] = {DPA, DPB, DPC, DPD, DPE};

//定义显示表,5针,可以显示 5*4=20 种状态 i=j 不能用
u8 showTable[5][5] = {0};



const u16 LEDPins = POINTS[0].PIN | POINTS[1].PIN | POINTS[2].PIN | POINTS[3].PIN | POINTS[4].PIN;



volatile static uint8_t value = 0;
volatile static uint8_t k1 = 0;
volatile static uint8_t k2 = 0;
volatile static u8 needUpdate = 0;
volatile static uint8_t blink = 0;

static uint32_t _counter = 0;
void updateTable(uint8_t num, uint8_t fan, uint8_t zhilen);

void display(void){
// uint8_t num = value;
    if(blink){
        _counter++;
        if(_counter > 55){
            _counter = 0;
        }
    }
    else{
        _counter = 0;
    }
    
    if(needUpdate){
        needUpdate = 0;
        updateTable(value, k1, k2);
    }

    for(u8 i = 0; i < 5; i++){
        //个位闪烁时熄灭状态
        if(_counter >= 30 && i == 0) continue;
        
        //判断第i个PIN 为低电平时,有需要显示me v为0 不需要显示, 其他需要显示 
        u8 v = showTable[i][1] | showTable[i][2] | showTable[i][3] | showTable[i][4];
        if(_counter < 30){ v |= showTable[i][0]; } //第 0 位闪烁时, 不亮 LED 不需要参加判断
    
        if(v){
            //第 i个引脚为低电平时, 其他4 个引脚 有至少一个 段要亮, 所以需要设置第 i 个引脚为低电平
            GPIO_ResetBits(POINTS[i].PORT, POINTS[i].PIN);
            
            u8 highPins = 0;//记录需要高电平的引脚
            //判断其他 4 个引脚 是否有需要显示的段,需要就要设置为高电平
            for(u8 j = 0; j < 5; j++){
                if(j == i || showTable[i][j] == 0)continue;
                if((j == 0 || i == 0) && _counter >= 30) continue;
                //如果 i 和 j 都不是 0，或者 _counter < 30，才设置 highPins
                if((i != 0 && j != 0) || _counter < 30){
                    highPins |= POINTS[j].PIN;
                }
            }
            //设置highPins为高电平
            GPIO_CONFIG(POINTS[i].PORT, highPins, GPIO_Mode_Out_PP, GPIO_Speed);
            GPIO_SetBits(POINTS[i].PORT, highPins);
            //延时
            Delay_US(50);
            //设置highPins为高阻状态, 这些 PIN 已经是高电平了.一行代码搞定 
            GPIO_CONFIG(GPIOB, highPins, GPIO_Mode_Out_OD, GPIO_Speed);
            //恢复低电平PIN为高阻状态
            GPIO_SetBits(POINTS[i].PORT, POINTS[i].PIN);
        }
    }

}

//根据段码表得到,不能修改
#define FAN_SEG_CODE 0x02
#define COOL_SEG_CODE 0x04

/* 0-9 的段码, 0x01 代表 风扇, 0x02 代表制冷 */
u8 segmentCodes[] = {0x7E, 0x30, 0x6D, 0x79, 0x33, 0x5B, 0x5F, 0x70, 0x7F, 0x7B, FAN_SEG_CODE, COOL_SEG_CODE};


typedef struct{
    u8 pH;
    u8 pL;
}AK;

#define _NCAK {0,0} //没有用的 AK
const AK AKTable[3][7] = {
{{4, 0}, {3, 0}, {0, 3}, {2, 0}, {0, 2}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}},//个位
{{4, 3}, {4, 2}, {4, 1}, {3, 1}, {3, 2}, {2, 1}, {1, 2}},//十位
{_NCAK, {2, 4}, {1, 4}, _NCAK, {1, 3}, {2, 3}, _NCAK},//百位和风扇图标,制冷图标
};

void getTableIndex(u8 wei, u8 mask, u8* pH, u8* pL) {
    u8 bit = __builtin_ctz(mask);
    // u8 bit;
    // __asm__("ctz %0, %1" : "=r"(bit) : "r"(mask));
    AK ak = AKTable[wei][bit];
    *pH = ak.pH;
    *pL = ak.pL;
}


void updateTable(uint8_t num, uint8_t fan, uint8_t zhilen){
    bzero(showTable, sizeof(showTable));
    u8 pH = 0;//高位PIN在POINTS中的索引
    u8 pL = 0;//低位PIN在POINTS中的索引
    u8 code = 0;//当前位段码
    u8 value = num;
    //个,十,百位, 风扇, 制冷图标编码在百位F2,E2中
    
    for(u8 j = 0; j < 3; j++){
        code = segmentCodes[value % 10];
        u8 mask = 1;
        for(u8 i = 0; i < 7; i++){
            u8 v = code & mask;
            if(v){
                getTableIndex(j, mask, &pH, &pL);
                showTable[pL][pH] = mask;
            }
            mask <<= 1;
        }
        value /= 10;
        if(value <= 0) break;
    }

    if(fan){
        getTableIndex(2, FAN_SEG_CODE, &pH, &pL);
        showTable[pL][pH] = FAN_SEG_CODE;
    }
    if(zhilen){
        getTableIndex(2, COOL_SEG_CODE, &pH, &pL);
        showTable[pL][pH] = COOL_SEG_CODE;
    }
}

void LED188_Display(uint8_t num, uint8_t fan, uint8_t zhilen, uint8_t b){
    if(num > 199){ num = 199; }
    if(value == num && fan == k1 && zhilen == k2 && blink == b)return;
    value = num;
    k1 = fan;
    k2 = zhilen;
    blink = b;
    needUpdate = 1;
}

aliyun DDNS sh

Wed, 20 Nov 2024 16:44:29 +0800

#!/bin/bash

SERVER_URL="https://alidns.aliyuncs.com"

# 阿里云 API 设置
ACCESS_KEY_ID=$1
ACCESS_KEY_SECRET=$2
DOMAIN_NAME=$1
IP=$3

domain_parts=(${DOMAIN_NAME//./ })
length=${#domain_parts[@]}

if [ $length -lt 3 ]; then
echo "错误：无效的域名格式"
return 1
else
DOMAIN="${domain_parts[$((length-2))]}.${domain_parts[$((length-1))]}"
SUB_DOMAIN=(${DOMAIN_NAME//.$DOMAIN/ })
fi




# API 版本
VERSION="2015-01-09"

# 生成时间戳和随机字符串
TIMESTAMP=$(date -u "+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
NONCE=$(cat /dev/urandom | head -n 10 | md5sum | head -c 8)

# URL 编码函数
urlencode() {
local length="${#1}"
for (( i = 0; i < length; i++ )); do
local c="${1:i:1}"
case $c in
[a-zA-Z0-9.~_-]) printf "$c" ;;
*) printf '%%%02X' "'$c" ;;
esac
done
}

# 生成时间戳和随机字符串
TIMESTAMP=$(date -u "+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
NONCE=$(cat /dev/urandom | head -n 10 | md5sum | head -c 8)

# URL 编码函数
urlencode() {
local length="${#1}"
for (( i = 0; i < length; i++ )); do
local c="${1:i:1}"
case $c in
[a-zA-Z0-9.~_-]) printf "$c" ;;
*) printf '%%%02X' "'$c" ;;
esac
done
}


# 函数：发送 API 请求
send_request() {
local query="$1"
local string_to_sign="GET&%2F&$(urlencode "$query")"
local signature=$(echo -n "$string_to_sign" | openssl dgst -sha1 -hmac "${ACCESS_KEY_SECRET}&" -binary | base64)
local url="${SERVER_URL}/?${query}&Signature=$(urlencode "$signature")"
curl -s "$url"
}

# 获取 RecordId
get_record_id() {
local query="AccessKeyId=$ACCESS_KEY_ID&Action=DescribeDomainRecords&DomainName=$DOMAIN&Format=JSON&RRKeyWord=$SUB_DOMAIN&SignatureMethod=HMAC-SHA1&SignatureNonce=$NONCE&SignatureVersion=1.0&Timestamp=$(urlencode $TIMESTAMP)&Type=A&Version=$VERSION"
local sorted_query=$(echo $query | tr '&' '\n' | sort | tr '\n' '&' | sed 's/&$//')
local result=$(send_request "$sorted_query")
echo "$result" | grep -o '"RecordId":"[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4
}

# 获取 RecordId
RECORD_ID=$(get_record_id)

if [ -z "$RECORD_ID" ]; then
echo "nohost"
exit 1
fi

# 构建参数字符串
QUERY_PARAMS="AccessKeyId=$ACCESS_KEY_ID&Action=UpdateDomainRecord&DomainName=$DOMAIN&Format=JSON&RecordId=$RECORD_ID&RR=$SUB_DOMAIN&SignatureMethod=HMAC-SHA1&SignatureNonce=$NONCE&SignatureVersion=1.0&Timestamp=$(urlencode $TIMESTAMP)&Type=A&Value=$IP&Version=$VERSION"

# 对参数进行排序
SORTED_QUERY_PARAMS=$(echo $QUERY_PARAMS | tr '&' '\n' | sort | tr '\n' '&' | sed 's/&$//')

# 构建待签名字符串
STRING_TO_SIGN="GET&%2F&$(urlencode $SORTED_QUERY_PARAMS)"

# 生成签名
SIGNATURE=$(echo -n "$STRING_TO_SIGN" | openssl dgst -sha1 -hmac "${ACCESS_KEY_SECRET}&" -binary | base64)

# 发送请求
URL="${SERVER_URL}/?${SORTED_QUERY_PARAMS}&Signature=$(urlencode $SIGNATURE)"
RESULT=$(curl -s "$URL")

# 检查结果
if [[ $RESULT == *"RecordId"* ]]; then
echo "good"
exit 0
elif [[ $RESULT == *"DomainRecordDuplicate"* ]]; then
echo "nochg"
exit 0
else
echo "abuse"
exit 1
fi

Android 网易MuMu模拟器 mac intel 版本最高支持 Sonoma 14.5

Mon, 03 Jun 2024 10:34:51 +0800

Android 网易MuMu模拟器 mac intel 版本最高支持 Sonoma 14.5

官网不维护了,居然没有广告了

链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1JQbEsOXgx7J5nU7lVR8a-w?pwd=wd3p 提取码: wd3p 复制这段内容后打开百度网盘手机App，操作更方便哦

先完全卸载以前前安装的

再安装

再重启电脑

you-get kugou.py 修改

Tue, 30 Jan 2024 16:36:18 +0800

修改文件路径 /usr/local/Cellar/you-get/0.4.1650/libexec/lib/python3.11/site-packages/you_get/extractors/kugou.py

内容如下:

#!/usr/bin/env python

__all__ = ['kugou_download']

from ..common import *
from json import loads
from base64 import b64decode
import re
from selenium import webdriver

def kugou_download(url, output_dir=".", merge=True, info_only=False, **kwargs):

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("headless")

browser=webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
browser.get(url)
hash = browser.execute_script('return window.hash;')
album_id = browser.execute_script('return window.album_id;')
album_audio_id = browser.execute_script('return window.album_audio_id;')
encode_album_audio_id = browser.execute_script('return window.encode_album_audio_id;')

bInfo = browser.execute_async_script('const callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1];window.getBaseInfo(1014, function(bInfo) {callback(bInfo);});')


info = browser.execute_async_script(
"""
        const callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
        window.infSign({from:112,appid:%d,dfid:"%s",encode_album_audio_id:"%s",mid:"%s",platid:%d,token:"",userid:"0",uuid:"%s"}, null, {
            useH5: true,
            postType: 'json',
            callback: function (spa){$.ajax({
                type: "GET",
                url: "https://wwwapi.kugou.com/play/songinfo",timeout: 5000,data: spa,
                "success": function (res, status, xhr) {
                    callback(res);
                    }
                }
            );
        }
    });
""" %(bInfo['appid'],bInfo['dfid'],encode_album_audio_id, bInfo['mid'], bInfo['plat'], bInfo['uuid']))
logging.debug(info)

play_url = info["data"]["play_url"]
title = info["data"]["song_name"]
# ext = "mp3"
# size = info["data"]["filesize"];

songtype, ext, size = url_info(play_url)
print_info(site_info, title, songtype, size)

download_urls([play_url], title, ext, size, output_dir, merge=merge)

#html = get_html(url,faker=True)
# var hash = "33209AA0259DEF69D0B61333CBE4701A"
# var album_id = "67025894"
# var album_audio_id = "482684975"
# var encode_album_audio_id = "7zdm3zb8"

# hashre = re.compile(r'var hash = "(.*?)"')
# hash = hashre.search(html).group(1).lower()

# album_idre = re.compile(r'var album_id = "(.*?)"')
# album_id = album_idre.search(html).group(1)

# album_audio_idre = re.compile(r'var album_audio_id = "(.*?)"')
# album_audio_id = album_audio_idre.search(html).group(1)

# encode_album_audio_idre = re.compile(r'var encode_album_audio_id = "(.*?)"')
# encode_album_audio_id = encode_album_audio_idre.search(html).group(1)


# if url.lower().find("5sing") != -1:
#     # for 5sing.kugou.com
#     html = get_html(url, faker=True)
#     ticket = r1(r'"ticket":\s*"(.*)"', html)
#     j = loads(str(b64decode(ticket), encoding="utf-8"))
#     url = j['file']
#     title = j['songName']
#     songtype, ext, size = url_info(url)
#     print_info(site_info, title, songtype, size)
#     if not info_only:
#         download_urls([url], title, ext, size, output_dir, merge=merge)
# elif url.lower().find("-") == -1:
#     return kugou_download_by_hash(url, output_dir, merge, info_only)
# else:
#     # for the www.kugou.com/
#     return kugou_download_playlist(url, output_dir=output_dir, merge=merge, info_only=info_only)
#     # raise NotImplementedError(url)       


# def kugou_download_by_hash(url, output_dir='.', merge=True, info_only=False):
#     # sample
#     # url_sample:http://www.kugou.com/song/#hash=93F7D2FC6E95424739448218B591AEAF&album_id=9019462
#     hash_val = match1(url, 'hash=(\w+)')
#     album_id = match1(url, 'album_id=(\d+)')
#     if not album_id:
#         album_id = 123
#     html = get_html("http://www.kugou.com/yy/index.php?r=play/getdata&hash={}&album_id={}&mid=123".format(hash_val, album_id), faker=True)
#     j = loads(html)
#     url = j['data']['play_url']
#     title = j['data']['audio_name']
#     # some songs cann't play because of copyright protection
#     if (url == ''):
#         return
#     songtype, ext, size = url_info(url)
#     print_info(site_info, title, songtype, size)
#     if not info_only:
#         download_urls([url], title, ext, size, output_dir, merge=merge)


# def kugou_download_playlist(url, output_dir='.', merge=True, info_only=False, **kwargs):
#     urls = []
#     # download music leaderboard
#     # sample: http://www.kugou.com/yy/html/rank.html
#     if url.lower().find('rank') != -1:
#         html = get_html(url,faker=True)
#         pattern = re.compile('<a href="(http://.*?)" data-active=')
#         res = pattern.findall(html)

#         for song in res:
#             res = get_html(song, faker=True)
#             pattern_url = re.compile('"hash":"(\w+)".*"album_id":(\d)+')
#             hash_val, album_id = res = pattern_url.findall(res)[0]
#             if not album_id:
#                 album_id = 123
#             urls.append('http://www.kugou.com/song/#hash=%s&album_id=%s' % (hash_val, album_id))

#     # download album
#     # album sample:   http://www.kugou.com/yy/album/single/1645030.html
#     elif url.lower().find('album') != -1:
#         html = get_html(url, faker=True)
#         pattern = re.compile('var data=(\[.*?\]);')
#         res = pattern.findall(html)[0]
#         for v in json.loads(res):
#             urls.append('http://www.kugou.com/song/#hash=%s&album_id=%s' % (v['hash'], v['album_id']))

#     # download the playlist        
#     # playlist sample:http://www.kugou.com/yy/special/single/487279.html
#     else:
#         html = get_html(url, faker=True)
#         pattern = re.compile('data="(\w+)\|(\d+)"')
#         for v in pattern.findall(html):
#             urls.append('http://www.kugou.com/song/#hash=%s&album_id=%s' % (v[0], v[1]))
#             print('http://www.kugou.com/song/#hash=%s&album_id=%s' % (v[0], v[1]))

#     logging.debug(urls)

#     # download the list by hash
#     for url in urls:
#         kugou_download_by_hash(url, output_dir, merge, info_only)


site_info = "kugou.com"
download = kugou_download
# download_playlist = playlist_not_supported("kugou")
#download_playlist = kugou_download_playlist

OpenWrt系统扩容

Tue, 29 Aug 2023 11:41:16 +0800

预备知识

OpenWrt系统固件分类

EXT4固件

固件包名称中包含有ext4关键字，可以参考固件分类关键字示意图图片。该种类型的固件硬盘空间划分如下：

SQUASHFS固件

固件包名称中包含有squashfs关键字，同样参考固件分类关键字示意图图片。该种类型的固件硬盘空间划分如下：

固件分类关键字示意图：

EXT4固件扩容方式

新建分区扩容

新建分区，将根目录挂载到新分区；（推荐)

在未格式化区域创建新分区，然后将原来系统文件分区的所有内容拷贝到新分区，最后将系统根目录默认挂载点变成新分区即可。

操作步骤

查看当前磁盘信息

fdisk -l

创建新分区

# 注意fdisk后参数是磁盘名称，是要根据实际情况填写
fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
# 输入p查看分区情况
p
# 输入n创建新分区
n
# 选择p，primary分区类型
p
# 选择分区序号，根据实际情况填写了，一般默认即可
# 输入分区起始位置，需要大于红色下划线数字
# 输入要创建的分区大小，例如要创建3GB，可以输入+3G即可
# 最后输入w写入磁盘

查看分区效果

fdisk -l

格式化分区

# mkfs.ext4后参数为新分区名称
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p3

网页登录openwrt，选择系统挂载点，选择添加

选择新创建的分区，并挂载至根目录，保存后应用

复制根目录准备区域的命令如下

mkdir -p /tmp/introot
mkdir -p /tmp/extroot
mount --bind / /tmp/introot
# mount命令后参数为新分区，该博客中的例子为/dev/mmcblk0p3
mount /dev/sda1 /tmp/extroot
tar -C /tmp/introot -cvf - . | tar -C /tmp/extroot -xf -
umount /tmp/introot
umount /tmp/extroot

将上述命令在命令行中粘贴执行

若固件带有efi 关键字，需要参考EFI引导固件的额外操作章节执行额外步骤（可选：仅固件中包含efi关键字需要执行）

重启软路由

reboot

直接扩容

直接将原有根分区扩容，如下图：

操作步骤

删除旧分区（需要记住旧分区的磁盘起始位置，如图下划线位置），并创建新分区

# 注意fdisk后参数是磁盘名称，是要根据实际情况填写
fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
# 删除第2个分区，输入d
d
# 选择第2个分区，根据实际情况填写
2
# 输入n创建新分区
n
# 选择primary分区类型
p
# 分区编号选择2，一般默认即可
2
# 输入分区起始位置，该位置要与删除分区的起始位置相同
# 输入创建分区大小，例如+3G
# 不要删除标识！不要删除标识！不要删除标识！选择n！
n
# 输入w写入磁盘

查看分区效果

fdisk -l

设置循环设备

losetup /dev/loop0 /dev/mmcblk0p2

扩展磁盘空间

resize2fs -f /dev/loop0

若固件带有efi 关键字，需要参考EFI引导固件的额外操作章节执行额外步骤（可选：仅固件中包含efi关键字需要执行）

重启软路由

reboot

SQUASHFS固件扩容方式

新建分区扩容

由于SQUASHFS固件安装后，会自动创建rom空间，所以可以直接扩容即可。

直接扩容

直接扩容方式与ext4固件扩容方式相同，可以参考上述步骤。同样的，需要区分x86设备efi固件。特殊操作上文中也有提及，可以参考。

EFI引导固件的额外操作

查看分区ID

blkid

修改系统引导

# 编辑grub.cf文件
vi /boot/grub/grub.cfg
# 将下划线的两个分区ID修改成新分区的UUID即可

保存文件

# 输入:wq即可，或者Shift + ZZ快捷键保存均可

使用 Mac + Acs122u复制小区门禁卡

Tue, 21 Feb 2023 16:36:29 +0800

最近入手小米手环4NFC版，发现有个模拟门禁卡的功能，满心欢喜去按app中的向导操作，结果均显示不支持，无奈去网上搜索了一下，发现可以用pn532, ACR122U等NFC读写器来操作，就跑到闲鱼上花了70元买了一个ACR122U-A9，开始破解，因为手头只有mac，准备用windows的虚拟机，找了相关软件，竟然下载到了恶意软件。无视，结果虚拟机重启N次，果然恶意十足。换linux虚拟机，无奈识别仍有问题。只好继续搜mac相关的软件，终于功夫不负有心人，人品爆发模拟成功。

安装官方驱动
brew install mfcuk mfoc ，后来发现人品爆发，mfuck竟然没用上
连上nfc，放上门卡，运行nfc-list，报错了

nfc-list uses libnfc 1.7.1  error    libnfc.driver.acr122_usb    Unable to claim USB interface (Permission denied)  
nfc-list: ERROR: Unable to open NFC device: acr122_usb:020:002  123

折腾了一番，发现连上ACR122U后需要执行一下下面两个命令（每次连接都要）

sudo launchctl stop com.apple.ifdreader  sudo launchctl remove com.apple.ifdreader  12

然后再运行，ok了
接着上mfoc碰运气 mfoc -O card.dump ，人品爆发很快就执行完了，生成card.dump
运行 xxd card.dump | head -1 或者从第3步输出信息里面找到uid(前8个字节）
找到一张UID或者CUID卡，放在读写器上，写入uid，nfc-mfsetuid xxxxxxxx
那这张卡扔给小米手环去模拟，成功
最好把小米手环放在读写器上，写入原卡信息，nfc-mfclassic w a card.dump

openwrt/lede WARNING: Not overriding core package 'abc' ; use -f to force

Wed, 11 Jan 2023 16:05:19 +0800

openwrt/lede WARNING: Not overriding core package 'abc' ; use -f to force

多个源包含了 abc 这个软件

解决方案:

1. 删除一个源中的 abc 包

2. rm tmp/info/.packageinfo*abc*

再次 ./scripts/feeds install -a 就不会出现了

Openwrt opkg install 空间不够，扩空间

Tue, 21 Dec 2021 20:27:13 +0800

注意固件，不同的略有不同

https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/21.02.1/targets/x86/64/openwrt-21.02.1-x86-64-generic-ext4-combined-efi.img.gz

generic-ext4-combined-efi.img.gz

Resizing Ext4 rootfs

Resize Ext4 rootfs for ext4-combined.img.gz:

1.工具准备

opkg update
opkg install fdisk losetup resize2fs f2fs-tools lsblk

lsblk 查看分区信息，不必须安装

resize2fs 改变分区表后，文件系统还看不到，用于调整文件系统

losetup 用resize2fs之前要挂着分区到/dev/loop0

fdisk 调整分区信息

2.使用fdisk调整分区

root@OpenWrt:~# fdisk -l
GPT PMBR size mismatch (246846 != 250069679) will be corrected by write.
The backup GPT table is not on the end of the device.
Disk /dev/sda: 119.24 GiB, 128035676160 bytes, 250069680 sectors
Disk model: XINRICH SSD 128G
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: C58D873D-8AB8-7349-EA70-2AB0E496B700
Device      Start    End Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sda1     512  33279   32768   16M EFI System
/dev/sda2   33792 246783  212992  104M Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda128    34    511     478  239K BIOS boot
Partition table entries are not in disk order.

看回显，/dev/sda: 119.24 GiB, 而/dev/sda2只有104M，接下来修改分区信息

root@OpenWrt:~# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): i
Partition number (1,2,128, default 128):2
 Device: /dev/sda2
          Start: 33792
            End: 246783
        Sectors: 212992
           Size: 104M
           Type: Microsoft basic data
      Type-UUID: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
           UUID: C58D873D-8AB8-7349-EA70-2AB0E496B702
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 119.24 GiB, 128035676160 bytes, 15138816 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: C58D873D-8AB8-7349-EA70-2AB0E496B700
Device     Boot Start    End Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1     512  33279   32768   16M EFI System
/dev/sda2   33792 246783  212992  104M Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda128    34    511     478  239K BIOS boot
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 
Partition 2 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 
First sector (33280-250069646, default 34816): 33792
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (33792-250069646, default 250069646): 
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 7.2 GiB.
Partition #2 contains a ext4 signature.
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: n
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

#到此分区表已经调整完成，但是文件系统还看不到大小改变，不能用，先不管，我们先修正分区UUID，和分区类型UUID

root@OpenWrt:~# fdisk /dev/sda
Command (m for help):t
Partition number (1,2,128, default 128):2
Partition type or alias (type L to list all):EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
#回车提示修改分区类型UUID成功，接下来修正分区UUID
Command (m for help):x
Command (m for help):u
Partition number (1,2,128, default 128): 2
New UUID (in 8-4-4-4-12 format):C58D873D-8AB8-7349-EA70-2AB0E496B702
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

#以上操作，让系统启动时，看到的系统配置还是以前的配置

#接下来，调整文件系统，调整好后我们就可以看到和使用

losetup /dev/loop0 /dev/sda2
fsck.ext4 -y /dev/loop0
resize2fs /dev/loop0
reboot

ffmpeg合并（复用）音频和视频文件，组成mp4。程序如下：

Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:22:20 +0800

/*
合并音频和视频,形成音视频
*/
extern "C"
{
#include "libavutil/avutil.h"
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavformat/avio.h"
#include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"
}

#pragma warning(disable:4996)

int main()
{
    //
const char *srcMedia1 = "out/t2Video.h264";
const char *srcMedia2 = "out/T2audio.aac";
const char *destMedia = "out/T2.mp4";
char errors[200] = {0};
AVFormatContext *inFormatContext1 = NULL;
AVFormatContext *inFormatContext2 = NULL;
AVFormatContext *outFormatContext = NULL;
    //输入上下文1-视频
int ret = 0;
av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_INFO);
av_register_all();
ret = avformat_open_input(&inFormatContext1, srcMedia1, NULL, NULL);
if (ret != 0)
{
av_strerror(ret, errors, 200);
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "error, ret=%d, msg=%s\n", ret, errors);
return -1;
}
avformat_find_stream_info(inFormatContext1, NULL);
av_dump_format(inFormatContext1, -1, srcMedia1, 0);
    //输入上下文1-音频
ret = avformat_open_input(&inFormatContext2, srcMedia2, NULL, NULL);
avformat_find_stream_info(inFormatContext2, NULL);
av_dump_format(inFormatContext2, -1, srcMedia2, 0);
    //输出上下文
avformat_alloc_output_context2(&outFormatContext, NULL, NULL, destMedia);
AVOutputFormat *outFormat = outFormatContext->oformat;
int stream1 = 0;
AVStream *inStream1 = NULL;
    //复制流信息
if (inFormatContext1->nb_streams > 0)
{
stream1 = 1;
inStream1 = inFormatContext1->streams[0];
AVStream *outStream = avformat_new_stream(outFormatContext, NULL);
avcodec_parameters_copy(outStream->codecpar, inStream1->codecpar);
outStream->codecpar->codec_tag = 0;
}
int stream2 = 0;
AVStream *inStream2 = NULL;
if (inFormatContext2->nb_streams > 0)
{
stream2 = 1;
inStream2 = inFormatContext2->streams[0];
AVStream *outStream = avformat_new_stream(outFormatContext, NULL);
avcodec_parameters_copy(outStream->codecpar, inStream2->codecpar);
outStream->codecpar->codec_tag = 0;
}
av_dump_format(outFormatContext, -1, destMedia, 1);
    //打开文件
avio_open(&outFormatContext->pb, destMedia, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
avformat_write_header(outFormatContext, NULL);
int64_t curPts1 = 0;
int64_t curPts2 = 0;
AVPacket avPacket;
av_init_packet(&avPacket);
    //输入流时间基
AVRational inStream1time = inStream1->time_base;
AVRational inStream2time = inStream2->time_base;
int frameIndex = 0;
    //交替写入音频和视频数据
while (stream1 || stream2)
{
if (stream1 && (!stream2 || av_compare_ts(curPts1, inStream1time, curPts2, inStream2time) &lt; = 0))
{
ret = av_read_frame(inFormatContext1, &avPacket);
if (ret & lt; 0)
{
stream1 = 0;
continue;
}
            // raw h264无pts,手动添加
if (avPacket.pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
{
AVRational timeBase = inStream1time;
int64_t calcDuration = AV_TIME_BASE / av_q2d(inStream1->r_frame_rate);
avPacket.pts = (double)(frameIndex * calcDuration) / (av_q2d(timeBase) * AV_TIME_BASE);
avPacket.dts = avPacket.pts;
avPacket.duration = (double)calcDuration / (av_q2d(timeBase) * AV_TIME_BASE);
frameIndex++;
}
curPts1 = avPacket.pts;
AVStream *outStream = outFormatContext->streams[0];
avPacket.pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(avPacket.pts, inStream1time, outStream->time_base, AVRounding(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
avPacket.dts = avPacket.pts;
avPacket.duration = av_rescale_q(avPacket.duration, inStream1time, outStream->time_base);
avPacket.pos = -1;
avPacket.stream_index = 0;
            // av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "xxxxxxxxx%d, dts=%lld, pts=%lld, duration=%lld\n", frameIndex, avPacket.dts, avPacket.pts, avPacket.duration);
stream1 = !av_interleaved_write_frame(outFormatContext, &avPacket);
}
else if (stream2)
{
ret = av_read_frame(inFormatContext2, &avPacket);
if (ret & lt; 0)
{
stream2 = 0;
continue;
}
            // raw aac无pts,手动添加
if (avPacket.pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
{
AVRational timeBase = inStream2time;
int64_t calcDuration = AV_TIME_BASE / av_q2d(inStream2->r_frame_rate);
avPacket.pts = (double)(frameIndex * calcDuration) / (av_q2d(timeBase) * AV_TIME_BASE);
avPacket.dts = avPacket.pts;
avPacket.duration = (double)calcDuration / (av_q2d(timeBase) * AV_TIME_BASE);
frameIndex++;
}
curPts2 = avPacket.pts;
AVStream *outStream = outFormatContext->streams[1];
avPacket.pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(avPacket.pts, inStream2time, outStream->time_base, AVRounding(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
avPacket.dts = avPacket.pts;
avPacket.duration = av_rescale_q(avPacket.duration, inStream2time, outStream->time_base);
avPacket.pos = -1;
avPacket.stream_index = 1;
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "xxxxxxxxx%d, size:%5d, dts=%lld, pts=%lld, duration=%lld\n", frameIndex, avPacket.size, avPacket.dts, avPacket.pts, avPacket.duration);
stream2 = !av_interleaved_write_frame(outFormatContext, &avPacket);
}
av_packet_unref(&avPacket);
}
ret = av_write_trailer(outFormatContext);
if (ret != 0)
{
av_strerror(ret, errors, 200);
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "av_write_trailer error: ret=%d, msg=%s\n", ret, errors);
}
    //释放资源
avformat_close_input(&inFormatContext1);
avformat_close_input(&inFormatContext2);
avio_close(outFormatContext->pb);
return 0;
}

Openwrt Resizing partitions

Mon, 20 Dec 2021 14:01:58 +0800

Be sure to resize the image before resizing partitions when installing in a VM.

Install fdisk.
Use fdisk to show the partitions.
Write down the starting sector address of /dev/sda2 (which is the root partition).
Use fdisk to delete the partition 2 (which is sda2), don't write the changes to disk yet.
Use fdisk to create a new partition 2, choose/type the starting sector address you wrote down earlier (as by default it will try to place it somewhere else), and leave the default end sector address (this will mean the partition will now use all available space).
Write the partition table changes to disk. It may complain about partition signatures already present, write n to NOT remove the partition signature to proceed.

An example fdisk operation on a 8GB flash drive:

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 7.2 GiB, 7751073792 bytes, 15138816 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcbad8a62

Device     Boot Start    End Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *      512  33279   32768   16M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       33792 558079  524288  256M 83 Linux

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 

Partition 2 has been deleted.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): 
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 
First sector (33280-15138815, default 34816): 33792
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (33792-15138815, default 15138815): 

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 7.2 GiB.
Partition #2 contains a ext4 signature.

Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: n

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

Automated method:

opkg update
opkg install fdisk
BOOT="$(sed -n -e "/\s\/boot\s.*$/{s///p;q}" /etc/mtab)"
DISK="${BOOT%%[0-9]*}"
PART="$((${BOOT##*[^0-9]}+1))"ROOT="${DISK}${PART}"
OFFS="$(fdisk ${DISK} -l -o device,start | sed -n -e "\|^${ROOT}\s*|s///p")"
echo -e "p\nd\n${PART}\nn\np\n${PART}\n${OFFS}\n\nn\np\nw" | fdisk ${DISK}

Be sure to update the GPT partition UUID in the GRUB configuration when using efi.img.gz:

opkg update
opkg install lsblk
BOOT="$(sed -n -e "/\s\/boot\s.*$/{s///p;q}" /etc/mtab)"
DISK="${BOOT%%[0-9]*}"
PART="$((${BOOT##*[^0-9]}+1))"
ROOT="${DISK}${PART}"
UUID="$(lsblk -n -o PARTUUID ${ROOT})"
sed -i -r -e "s|(PARTUUID=)\S+|\1${UUID}|g" /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Be sure to resize partitions before resizing filesystem. Note that online resizing should work for both F2FS and Ext4 on OpenWrt 19.07, although F2FS requires rebooting to apply changes.

Resize F2FS overlay for squashfs-combined.img.gz:

opkg update
opkg install losetup f2fs-tools
LOOP="$(losetup -n -O NAME | sort | sed -n -e "1p")"
ROOT="$(losetup -n -O BACK-FILE ${LOOP} | sed -e "s|^|/dev|")"
OFFS="$(losetup -n -O OFFSET ${LOOP})"
LOOP="$(losetup -f)"
losetup -o ${OFFS} ${LOOP} ${ROOT}
fsck.f2fs -f ${LOOP}
mount ${LOOP} /mntumount ${LOOP}
resize.f2fs ${LOOP}reboot

Resize Ext4 rootfs for ext4-combined.img.gz:

opkg update
opkg install losetup resize2fs
BOOT="$(sed -n -e "/\s\/boot\s.*$/{s///p;q}" /etc/mtab)"
DISK="${BOOT%%[0-9]*}"
PART="$((${BOOT##*[^0-9]}+1))"
ROOT="${DISK}${PART}"
LOOP="$(losetup -f)"
losetup ${LOOP} ${ROOT}
fsck.ext4 -y ${LOOP}
resize2fs ${LOOP}
reboot

When OpenWrt is installed on a x86 machine using generic-ext4-combined.img.gz, the drive's partition table is overwritten, which means that any existing partition is deleted. Any remaining space will be unallocated and the drive will have a normal MBR partition table.

Any partition management tool that supports MBR and ext4 can be used to create extra partitions on the drive, in example fdisk, GParted.

But attention must be taken for future upgrades. If extra partitions are added, you cannot use -combined.img.gz images anymore, because writing this type of image will override the drive's partition table and delete any existing extra partition, and also revert boot and rootfs partitions back to default size.

On most embedded devices, upgrading OpenWrt is much simpler than the first installation and consists of simply executing sysupgrade. On x86 machines, on the other hand, upgrading is more complex than the first installation.

One of the advantages of x86 is the easiness to backup and restore drives, using any normal backup tool that supports MBR and ext4. Always make a proper backup of the whole drive and test its restore before any upgrade procedure. It's also recommended to restore the backup on a virtual machine and execute the upgrade on it prior to upgrading the real router, to learn and experiment the procedures without risking the real thing.

On all procedures on this section, we must either connect the drive on a secondary PC running Linux, or boot the router with a Linux Live CD/USB.

If you had used a ext4-combined.img.gz type of image to install, there are 4 options for upgrading:

Write a new ext4-combined.img.gz image: this is the simplest option and is identical to first installation: all data, configs, packages and extra partitions will be wiped and you'll have a brand new OpenWrt system with default packages and configs. Then you can reinstall all packages and copy config files back and create extra partitions.
Use sysupgrade: this is default upgrading procedure, but the least recommended option for x86 machines. Proceed to Sysupgrade for details.
Extracting boot partition image from ext4-combined.img.gz and writing it and ext4-rootfs.img.gz, leaving MBR partition table intact.
Extracting boot partition image from ext4-combined.img.gz and writing it, then uncompressing rootfs.tar.gz to existing rootfs partition.

The 2 last options require more steps to execute, but have the advantage of leaving MBR partition intact, therefore keeping boot and rootfs partitions sizes (in case of having resized them) and any extra partitions. At this time they are the most recommended methods of upgrading. The only exception is when new OpenWrt image brings a newer version of GRUB2. Part of GRUB2 is stored close to MBR and outside of partitions area, so we need to write a full ext4-combined.img.gz to update it.

The boot partition contains part of GRUB2 software, Linux kernel and grub.cfg with boot options. rootfs partition contains OpenWrt files, packages and configs.

At the moment, it's not built a separated image file with boot partition, as it's available for rootfs. To be able to upgrade boot partition without overriding the whole drive, we must extract it from ext4-combined.img.gz, this requires a spare empty drive or a virtual machine.

Uncompress combined partitions image: gzip -d openwrt-19.07.8-x86-64-generic-ext4-combined.img.gz
Write the image to the empty drive: dd if=openwrt-19.07.8-x86-64-generic-ext4-combined.img of=/dev/sdd (drive may be on sda, sdb, nvme0n1, etc)
Extract boot partition image: dd if=/dev/sdd1 of=openwrt-19.07.8-x86-64-generic-ext4-boot.img

We will end up with the partition image openwrt-19.07.8-x86-64-generic-ext4-boot.img. Back to OpenWRT machine/drive, if the drive is on sdd and GRUB2 boot partition is on sdd1, we can write the updated image with dd if=openwrt-19.07.8-x86-64-generic-ext4-boot.img of=/dev/sdd1. Note we're here writing on the partition sdd1, not on the drive sdd.

As said above, there are 2 options for upgrading rootfs partition, when we are using the ext4 file system and not squashfs: writing ext4-rootfs.img.gz image or uncompressing rootfs.tar.gz into existing partition.

Writing ext4-rootfs.img.gz will delete any file on the partition. When using dd, it will preserve partition's actual size, it won't revert its size to image's.

Uncompress rootfs image: gzip -d openwrt-19.07.8-x86-64-generic-ext4-rootfs.img.gz
Write the image to the partition: dd if=openwrt-19.07.8-x86-64-generic-ext4-rootfs.img of=/dev/sdd2

For uncompressing rootfs.tar.gz, we must mount rootfs partition, delete all files from it, then uncompress updated files.

It may be tempting to not delete config files, but the risk isn't worth it, because some file may conflict and not be properly upgraded. It's safer to backup config files (as we should also backup whole drive before upgrading) and copy them back after upgrading. I suggest going further and having a Subversion repository on another computer where all config files are saved and their changes are tracked, and use rsync to sync between the repository working copy and production files on the router.

# mount rootfs partition, in this example it's on sdd2mkdir /mnt/rootfsmount -v /dev/sdd2 /mnt/rootfscd /mnt/rootfs
 # delete all files on the partitionrm -Rf * # copy rootfs.tar.gz here then uncompress ittar -xvzf openwrt-19.07.8-x86-64-generic-rootfs.tar.gz
 # wait for uncompress then delete the filerm openwrt-19.07.8-x86-64-generic-rootfs.tar.gz

Anyone can compile OpenWrt from source, but it's a complex procedure with many options which require some experience, specially for using it on a production router.

Different from compiling, we can build our own custom image using the Image Builder. This doesn't compile the whole software, instead it downloads required packages from the same repository used by OpenWrt to install them. Image Builder builds the same image files used for installing and upgrading OpenWrt.

Due to that it's much simpler than compiling and offers great advantages, like adding directly to the image all packages we need, removing those we don't need, and also adding to it our config files. Having packages on the image, we don't need to reinstall all of them after an upgrade. And having our config files directly on the image, we don't need to reconfigure everything or copy all files from backup, which is specially difficult when default network configs don't work with our router's interfaces or it doesn't start with correct IP address. In many cases, OpenWrt will be back fully working on first boot after upgrading.

Another advantage for building a custom image is when the default rootfs partition size is too small to store all packages and we need to resize it. Note that, when following above procedures of installing then resizing partition and upgrading by writing partition image or extracting rootfs.tar.gz, we don't need to build the image with the final size of the partition. Doing so would result in the too large image file and would require enough RAM to store the whole file during building. It's recommended to use on the image just enough size to store all packages plus a small amount of free space.

Follow the Image Builder tutorial to setup the building environment using the x86/64 target. Once the building environment is setup, we use the make image command to build an image, which results on a set of files with the types of images described on this page. They are saved on bin/targets/x86/64 inside the building folder.

Because x86 hardware doesn't have profiles, we don't need to use the PROFILE parameter. With PACKAGES parameter we set all packages we want to add to or remove from default list. The command make info lists default packages list. FILES parameter is used to add custom config and script files to be added to the image, it points to a folder which represents root folder when OpenWrt is running.

For changing default partition sizes use parameters CONFIG_TARGET_KERNEL_PARTSIZE and CONFIG_TARGET_ROOTFS_PARTSIZE. We can either edit .config file on building folder or pass them directly to make image. Example CONFIG_TARGET_KERNEL_PARTSIZE=128 CONFIG_TARGET_ROOTFS_PARTSIZE=512.

doorxp

5 针 188 LED显示屏带风扇和雪花

aliyun DDNS sh

Android 网易MuMu模拟器 mac intel 版本最高支持 Sonoma 14.5

you-get kugou.py 修改

OpenWrt系统扩容

使用 Mac + Acs122u复制小区门禁卡

openwrt/lede WARNING: Not overriding core package 'abc' ; use -f to force

Openwrt opkg install 空间不够，扩空间

ffmpeg合并（复用）音频和视频文件，组成mp4。程序如下：

Openwrt Resizing partitions

Resizing partitions

Resizing filesystem

Resizing F2FS overlay

Resizing Ext4 rootfs

Adding extra partitions

Upgrading

Extracting boot partition image

Upgrading rootfs partition

Building your own image with larger partition size

doorxp

5 针 188 LED显示屏 带风扇和雪花

aliyun DDNS sh

Android 网易MuMu模拟器 mac intel 版本 最高支持 Sonoma 14.5

you-get kugou.py 修改

OpenWrt系统扩容

使用 Mac + Acs122u复制小区门禁卡

openwrt/lede WARNING: Not overriding core package 'abc' ; use -f to force

Openwrt opkg install 空间不够， 扩空间

ffmpeg合并（复用）音频和视频文件，组成mp4。程序如下：

Openwrt Resizing partitions

Resizing partitions

Resizing filesystem

Resizing F2FS overlay

Resizing Ext4 rootfs

Adding extra partitions

Upgrading

Extracting boot partition image

Upgrading rootfs partition

Building your own image with larger partition size

5 针 188 LED显示屏带风扇和雪花

Android 网易MuMu模拟器 mac intel 版本最高支持 Sonoma 14.5

Openwrt opkg install 空间不够，扩空间